Air Pollution, Placenta Function, and Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles
The PARENTs study enrolled women early in pregnancy to develop novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools and study the impact of environmental factors on the placenta. Since 2016, ~ 150 pregnant women ages 20-50 years who utilize prenatal care at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) hospital were recruited and participated in Doppler and MRI imaging, blood and urine sampling, and interviews up to three times in pregnancy and also in particulate matter (PM) monitoring/modelling. For most women, cord blood and placenta was collected at delivery and infant health assessed through medical chart abstraction. Participation in the CHEAR program will generate biomarkers and allow us (1) to analyze relations between monitored environmental exposures (PM air pollution) and biomarkers of PAHs, (2) between environmental exposures and oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and metabolomic profiles; and (3) between bio-markers and traditional indicators of placental insufficiency or adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Exposures & analytes
Health outcomes
Study analytics
Ranges of measured exposures and phenotypes, and the most prevalent untargeted features in this study.
Exposure ranges
6 analytes| Analyte | Range (log) | Median | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| FLUOng/L | 94.8 | 450 | |
| NAP2ng/L | 2.2e+3 | 450 | |
| OS8Ong/mL | 2.04 | 433 | |
| OSMDnM | 179.5 | 450 | |
| PHENng/L | 23.6 | 1796 | |
| PYR1ng/L | 41.6 | 449 |
Phenotype ranges
39 phenotypes| Phenotype | Range | Median | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| ParityParity | 1 | 159 | |
| BMI_prePre-pregnancy BMI | 22.92 | 157 | |
| heightadm height | 165.1 | 157 | |
| Infant_WeightInfant Weight | 3.4e+3 | 155 | |
| Infant_LengthInfant Length | 50.8 | 155 | |
| Head_CircumpherenceInfant Head Circumference | 34 | 155 | |
| APGAR_1_minAPGAR Score 1 Minute | 8 | 155 | |
| APGAR_5_minAPGAR Score 5 Minute | 9 | 155 | |
| weight2Weight at time 2 (kg) | 67.55 | 148 | |
| weight1Weight at time 1 (kg) | 65 | 147 | |
| BMI2BMI at time 2 | 25.02 | 147 | |
| bmi1BMI at time 1 | 23.81 | 145 | |
| secondsampleGAGA @ 2nd Sample | 20 | 145 | |
| Placental_WeightPlacental Weight | 445 | 145 | |
| Placental_LengthPlacental Length | 19 | 143 | |
| Placental_DepthPlacental Depth | 1.5 | 143 | |
| Distance_between_membrane_rupturDistance between membrane rupture site and margin | 3 | 143 | |
| Distance_from_cord_to_edgeDistance from cord to edge | 4 | 142 | |
| Placental_WidthPlacental Width | 18.15 | 142 | |
| firstsampleGAGA @ 1st Sample | 13 | 141 | |
| Attached_Cord_LengthAttached Cord Length | 31.25 | 140 | |
| Attached_Cord_widthAttached Cord width | 1.5 | 140 | |
| weight4Weight at time 4 (kg) | 78 | 139 | |
| BMI_GA_1GA @ 1st BMI | 13 | 136 | |
| BMI_GA_2GA @ 2nd BMI | 20 | 135 | |
| thirdsampleGAGA @ 3rd Sample | 36 | 133 | |
| deliveryGAGA @ Delivery | 39 | 129 | |
| weight3Weight at time 3 (kg) | 76.8 | 110 | |
| bmi3BMI at time 3 | 27.94 | 110 | |
| BMI_GA_3GA @ 3rd BMI | 36 | 105 | |
| BMI_GA_4GA @ 4th BMI | 39 | 98 | |
| bmi4BMI at time 4 | 28.6 | 81 | |
| Detatched_Cord_1_LengthDetatched Cord Length | 14.75 | 60 | |
| Detatched_Cord_1_WidthDetatched cord Width | 1 | 57 | |
| Detatched_Cord_2_LengthDetatched Cord Length | 12.25 | 20 | |
| ua1_right_pi | 2.2 | 159 | |
| ua1_right_ri | 0.75 | 127 | |
| ua1_left_ri | 0.76 | 124 | |
| ua1_left_pi | 1.66 | 124 |
Most prevalent HRMS features
top 20 by detectionHow exposures relate to phenotypes
Every exposure regressed against every phenotype in this study, with a single study-wide FDR correction across all 399 tests.
phenotype ~ ln(exposure) + age
| Exposure | Phenotype | β | p | FDR q | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAP2 | BMI2FDR | +0.682 | 2.6e-5 | 0.010 | 147 |
| NAP2 | BMI_preFDR | +0.650 | 5.8e-5 | 0.012 | 157 |
| NAP2 | bmi1FDR | +0.625 | 1.4e-4 | 0.019 | 145 |
| FLUO | BMI2FDR | +1.447 | 2.5e-4 | 0.020 | 147 |
| NAP2 | weight2FDR | +1.741 | 2.6e-4 | 0.020 | 148 |
| OS8O | weight2FDR | +8.779 | 3.0e-4 | 0.020 | 143 |
| FLUO | weight2FDR | +4.115 | 3.5e-4 | 0.020 | 148 |
| NAP2 | bmi4FDR | +0.762 | 6.0e-4 | 0.030 | 81 |
| NAP2 | bmi3FDR | +0.613 | 6.9e-4 | 0.031 | 110 |
| OS8O | BMI2FDR | +2.776 | 9.2e-4 | 0.034 | 142 |
| PHEN | BMI2FDR | +0.859 | 9.4e-4 | 0.034 | 147 |
| NAP2 | weight1FDR | +1.545 | 0.001 | 0.035 | 147 |
| FLUO | BMI_preFDR | +1.268 | 0.001 | 0.035 | 157 |
| FLUO | weight1FDR | +3.690 | 0.001 | 0.036 | 147 |
| FLUO | bmi1FDR | +1.277 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 145 |
| OS8O | weight1FDR | +7.578 | 0.002 | 0.039 | 141 |
| OS8O | BMI_preFDR | +2.610 | 0.002 | 0.042 | 151 |
| OSMD | bmi3FDR | +1.152 | 0.003 | 0.061 | 110 |
| NAP2 | weight4FDR | +1.511 | 0.003 | 0.061 | 139 |
| FLUO | bmi4FDR | +1.541 | 0.003 | 0.065 | 81 |
| PHEN | BMI_preFDR | +0.758 | 0.004 | 0.069 | 157 |
| PHEN | weight2FDR | +2.178 | 0.004 | 0.078 | 148 |
| OS8O | secondsampleGAFDR | +0.870 | 0.005 | 0.092 | 140 |
| IL1B | APGAR_5_minFDR | +0.106 | 0.006 | 0.094 | 155 |
| OS8O | bmi1FDR | +2.323 | 0.006 | 0.094 | 139 |
| FLUO | weight4FDR | +3.327 | 0.006 | 0.094 | 139 |
| PHEN | bmi1FDR | +0.709 | 0.007 | 0.099 | 145 |